Chinese reluctance to read deeply underlines the nation's recent departure from the era of subsistence and its current obsession with affluence.

On a flight from Frankfurt to Shanghai, an Indian engineer noticed row after row of Chinese passengers deep into their iPads, playing games or watching movies. None was doing any reading.

Meng Shamei, the Chinese name of this engineer, posted his or her observation online and got a tidal wave of responses, most of which corroborated his or her view.

I have to admit I have not done my due diligence to verify the identity of this person. There have been frequent stories of Chinese posing as foreigners to give a semblance of objectivity to their criticism of China. The title "Harvard professor" has been used or rather, abused, so often it has turned into something of a joke.

To even a casual observer, what Meng wrote was not surprising. Another posting a few years ago by a Chinese passenger noticed the difference between first class and regular class: Those sitting in first class tend to read while those in regular class play games.

For me, the biggest shock came when Han Han, the young writer with enormous influence on China's youth, was asked by a reporter about his reading habits and he answered that he read only magazines. As if to show some proof, the accompanying photo revealed very few books on his bookshelf.

Before we get to "Why Chinese do not read", I'll reveal the spoiler, which is the most frequent defense. "We read. We just do not read in the same way as the old generations do. We rely on modern gadgets for faster access."

It is true that you cannot claim that only content on a printed page is knowledge. Anything that's printed can be displayed digitally. There are millions of books available in digital form. And true electronic books can incorporate sound and video, thus enhancing the reading experience. Print is going the way of dinosaurs, many forecast. Even if they don't vanish completely, books will become a niche item a la long-playing records.

To those who believe they can get anything and everything from the Web, I'll hereby add my two cents' worth: Yes, you can, but you won't do it. I download thousands of books, but I use them for research, a sort of personal database for specific information. I've also noticed my friends and colleagues read fiction only on their tablets. Simply because a medium is capable of something does not mean people or a significant number of them will swarm to it for that purpose.

I believe reference books are most easily replaced by their digital versions and the kind of essay collections popular among China's literati are the most unlikely to make the transition.

Now, I'm not going to cite statistics about Chinese consumption of books. While they invariably paint a bleak picture compared with previous generations or advanced countries, the truth could be even bleaker. My publishers (I work with several publishing houses in China) told me that most of the best-sellers in China would not even make the popular list. The reason: They are textbooks or supplement reading material, in other words, books that students are forced to read, or rather, forced to buy.

So, let's compare China's best-seller list with that of the New York Times. While the latter has a mix of serious books, especially about history, and celebrity memoirs, the former is almost totally fluff. A walk through an airport bookstore will bring you more doom and gloom: mostly how-to-get-rich titles written by those who've done it or who claim to have the secret recipe.

On top of that, there are buyers of books in China who decorate their rooms with wall-to-wall tomes but never bother to open the pages. As a result, a cottage industry has appeared that churns out thick volumes that have nothing between the covers, perfect for decoration.

Yes, people do read in China to enrich their bank accounts, but not to enrich themselves holistically. Sure, this is a trend, which means it does not apply to everyone. The terms "fragmentary reading" or "light reading" are efforts to encapsulate this phenomenon of a nation whose people have only recently unfettered the shackles of poverty and have not found the need to elevate themselves onto a higher plane of enlightenment and enrichment. Not yet.

One reads classics such as Confucius' Analects or Shakespeare not to pass examinations or provide grist for the water-cooler mill, but to absorb nutrients from the wealth shared by humanity and to make ourselves better people.

However, it would be unfair to compare the current generation with their ancestors. In antiquity, the ability to read effectively divided people into haves and have-nots. It became a channel through which a few from the disenfranchised classes moved up the social ladder. As a whole, the vast majority remained illiterate. As the benefits of basic education envelop the entire Chinese population, the stumbling block for this most basic level of reading has been removed. Now, it's up to each individual to decide what kind of information or knowledge he or she is willing to pursue. A school or a teacher can demand that you read what is mandatory, but unless you design a comprehensive curriculum that incorporates the wealth-enriching and the soul-enriching, you'll probably push those "useless" books down to the bottom of your priority list.

The computer age, with its unlimited data-crunching capability, has unleashed a treasure trove of information. For someone long shielded from data and information, the rawness and liveliness can be spellbinding. But it takes tons of information to be distilled into knowledge.

In our society there is an undercurrent of skepticism and aversion toward knowledge, which in the old days was spoon-fed with little room left for questioning. People, therefore, want to be closer to the source and conduct their own little investigation or analysis, which sometimes leads to new revelations. As a result, the pendulum has swung from the end of blind acceptance of everything printed to the other end of DIY scrutiny of every piece of data. I have to say this correction was needed and will eventually balance out the weight of both information and knowledge, which tend to be embodied in digital and print respectively.

The road from knowledge to wisdom has equally been subverted by the digital revolution. The epiphanies derived from reading Hamlet or Li Bai's poems have been displaced by 12-step programs and morsels of wisdom that zap through cyberspace. On a positive note, they can be seen as CliffsNotes to the real thing; but this quasi-sagacity serves to lull its readership into a false sense of enlightenment. Wisdom cannot be drummed into you through rote learning, nor can it always be boiled down to 140 characters. It has to come from learning through personal experiences or through books, which are essentially those aspects of others' experiences that can be imparted and shared.

Serious reading, on whatever platform or in whatever form, has its place in the advance of human civilization. All technological breakthroughs, such as the audio-visual revolution of the previous generation and now the digital revolution, all serve to complement it. Words as the all-powerful embodiment of human knowledge are never overrated and will never be totally replaced. More Chinese will realize their importance as the nation grows into middle-class comfort. The younger generations can afford to read books that are not utilitarian, at least the segment not addicted to Korean soap operas and their face-lifted idols. As Francis Bacon famously said, studies can be "for delight, for ornament, and for ability", and "delight" should rightly include the joy of elevating oneself to a level with a higher vista, which, unlike a high-rise apartment, money alone cannot buy.

By Raymond Zhou ( China Daily )

查看譯文

在一架從法蘭克福飛往上海的航班上，一名印度工程師發(fā)現(xiàn)一排又一排的中國(guó)乘客都在埋頭用蘋(píng)果平板電腦玩游戲或者看電影，沒(méi)有人在讀書(shū)。

工程師的中文名叫孟莎美，他/她把所見(jiàn)所想發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上，收到無(wú)數(shù)回復(fù)，大都印證了他/她的看法。

我得承認(rèn)自己沒(méi)有盡職調(diào)查這個(gè)人的身份。為了能更客觀地批判中國(guó)，曾出現(xiàn)很多中國(guó)人冒充老外的故事。人們?yōu)E用“哈佛教授”的頭銜，以致于它成了笑話(huà)一般。

其實(shí)稍微觀察下，孟莎美寫(xiě)的現(xiàn)象也見(jiàn)怪不怪。幾年前，有個(gè)中國(guó)乘客留意到頭等艙和經(jīng)濟(jì)艙的區(qū)別，并放到了網(wǎng)上：那些坐頭等艙的乘客往往在閱讀，而經(jīng)濟(jì)艙乘客在玩游戲。

就我而言，最大的震驚是，對(duì)中國(guó)年輕一代影響深遠(yuǎn)的年輕作家韓寒被記者問(wèn)及其閱讀習(xí)慣時(shí)，他說(shuō)他只看雜志。還附上了一張顯示他書(shū)架上很少書(shū)的圖片作證明。

在我們問(wèn)“為什么中國(guó)人不閱讀”前，還是我來(lái)揭曉吧，這是最常見(jiàn)的回?fù)簟拔覀冮喿x啊，只是不像老一代那樣閱讀而已。我們可以通過(guò)現(xiàn)代玩意來(lái)更方便地閱讀�！�

我們不能說(shuō)只有紙質(zhì)書(shū)上的內(nèi)容才是知識(shí)。任何紙質(zhì)內(nèi)容都可以數(shù)字化地顯示出來(lái)，無(wú)數(shù)紙質(zhì)書(shū)都有電子版本。電子書(shū)還可以配上聲音和視頻，從而更享受閱讀過(guò)程，這都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。很多人都預(yù)測(cè)印刷業(yè)和恐龍走在同一條道上——都會(huì)逐漸消失。即使紙質(zhì)書(shū)籍不會(huì)完全消失，也會(huì)隨著時(shí)間變成小眾產(chǎn)品。

對(duì)于那些認(rèn)為可以從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲取任何信息的人，我想說(shuō)：是的，你可以，但是你不會(huì)的。我下載了成千上萬(wàn)本電子書(shū)作為個(gè)人資料庫(kù)用于搜索特定信息。我也發(fā)現(xiàn)我的朋友和同事們都只用平板電腦看小說(shuō)。一個(gè)媒介具備某種功能并不代表大家會(huì)為這個(gè)功能蜂擁而來(lái)。

我認(rèn)為紙質(zhì)工具書(shū)更易被其電子版取代，而受中國(guó)文人喜愛(ài)的散文集是最不可能被代替的。

現(xiàn)在我不會(huì)引用關(guān)于中國(guó)人閱讀量的數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)這個(gè)的數(shù)據(jù)與前幾代人或者發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比顯得蒼白時(shí)，事實(shí)可能更悲劇。我的出版商（我和中國(guó)幾家出版商有合作）告訴我中國(guó)的暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)大多數(shù)還不足以上暢銷(xiāo)清單。原因是：它們是教科書(shū)或者補(bǔ)充閱讀材料，換句話(huà)說(shuō)，這些書(shū)都是學(xué)生不得不讀或者買(mǎi)的書(shū)。

那我們來(lái)對(duì)比下中國(guó)和紐約時(shí)報(bào)發(fā)布的暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)清單吧。紐約時(shí)報(bào)的清單中包含一些嚴(yán)肅的書(shū)籍，尤其是關(guān)于歷史、名人自傳，而中國(guó)的清單意義不大。在機(jī)場(chǎng)的書(shū)店轉(zhuǎn)一圈，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更加無(wú)望：幾乎都是那些富人或者聲稱(chēng)有致富秘訣的人關(guān)于如何致富的書(shū)。

最重要的是，中國(guó)有很多人都用滿(mǎn)墻的書(shū)架將家里裝飾得像個(gè)書(shū)香世家，但是卻很少翻幾頁(yè)書(shū)。所以，制作磚頭書(shū)的家庭手工業(yè)出現(xiàn)了，磚頭書(shū)只有封面，沒(méi)有內(nèi)容，最合適裝飾。

是的，中國(guó)人會(huì)通過(guò)讀書(shū)來(lái)使銀行賬戶(hù)充實(shí)，但是卻沒(méi)有讓自己全面地豐盈起來(lái)。當(dāng)然，這只是一種趨勢(shì)，并不適用于任何一個(gè)人。“碎片閱讀”或者“輕閱讀”這樣的詞濃縮了中國(guó)這樣一種現(xiàn)象——?jiǎng)偯撾x貧困走上小康的人們覺(jué)得沒(méi)必要把自己提升到一個(gè)更具啟蒙性的階段。還沒(méi)必要。

讀孔子的《論語(yǔ)》或者莎士比亞的著作不是為了通過(guò)考試或者任何實(shí)際用途，而是為了從人文財(cái)富中吸收營(yíng)養(yǎng)，使自己變得更好。

然而，把現(xiàn)代人與先人對(duì)比是不公平的。在古代，讀書(shū)的能力把人們分成了貧富兩個(gè)階級(jí)。被剝削者中的少數(shù)人通過(guò)讀書(shū)爬上更高的社會(huì)階級(jí)�？傮w上，大多數(shù)人還是目不識(shí)丁。隨著整個(gè)中華民族都可以享受到基礎(chǔ)教育，讀書(shū)認(rèn)字最基本的絆腳石已經(jīng)不存在了。而現(xiàn)在取決于每個(gè)人愿意獲得什么信息或者知識(shí)。學(xué)校或者老師可以要求你閱讀必須讀的材料，但是除非課程結(jié)合了物質(zhì)財(cái)富和精神財(cái)富兩方面，否則你很有可能會(huì)忽視那些“沒(méi)用”的書(shū)。

計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代擁有無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的數(shù)據(jù)和寶貴的信息。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期信息封閉的人來(lái)說(shuō)，計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代的新鮮感和活力充滿(mǎn)誘惑。但是要無(wú)數(shù)的信息才能提煉成知識(shí)。

如今的社會(huì)充斥著一種對(duì)知識(shí)的厭惡和懷疑論，然而在過(guò)去，人們毫不猶豫地汲取知識(shí)。大家都想跟接近知識(shí)的源頭，再加上自己一些小調(diào)查或者分析，有時(shí)能有新的啟示。因此，社會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩種極化現(xiàn)象，一種是盡信書(shū)，一種是親自核查每一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)。我想說(shuō)，我們需要糾正，并最終在無(wú)論是數(shù)據(jù)化還是紙質(zhì)的信息與知識(shí)間平衡。

知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化到智慧的道路同樣被數(shù)字化革命顛覆了。閱讀哈姆雷特或者李白詩(shī)集的頓悟被充斥網(wǎng)絡(luò)的12步獲得智慧課程代替。好的一面是，它們可以作為貨真價(jià)實(shí)書(shū)籍的導(dǎo)讀，但這種類(lèi)智慧誤導(dǎo)讀者進(jìn)入一種錯(cuò)誤的啟發(fā)感。智慧是不可以通過(guò)機(jī)械閱讀來(lái)灌輸?shù)�，也不總是可以歸結(jié)成140個(gè)字。它必須通過(guò)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或者書(shū)籍獲得，也就是他人那些“可以借鑒和分享的經(jīng)歷”。

深入閱讀，無(wú)論是通過(guò)哪種平臺(tái)或者形式，都在人類(lèi)文明發(fā)展史上扮演著不可或缺的地位。所有的技術(shù)突破，例如上一代的視聽(tīng)革命和當(dāng)代的數(shù)字革命，都是為了起到補(bǔ)充的作用。作為人類(lèi)知識(shí)一個(gè)全能的體現(xiàn)——文字的作用永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被夸大，也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被完全代替。隨著中國(guó)發(fā)展到中產(chǎn)階級(jí)階段，越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)人會(huì)意識(shí)到文字的重要性，年輕一代也會(huì)讀那些非功利性的書(shū)籍，至少那部分沒(méi)有沉迷韓劇和整容偶像的人會(huì)讀。正如弗蘭西斯·培根的名言，讀書(shū)“足以怡情，足以博采，足以長(zhǎng)才”，“怡情”應(yīng)該包含提升自我至一個(gè)更高視野的喜悅，而這是僅用金錢(qián)就可以買(mǎi)到的高層公寓遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及的。